Older bodies hold less water, and the thirst signal is weaker. Some medicines increase fluid loss. Reduced mobility makes the trip to the kitchen or the toilet harder, so people drink less on purpose. The result is a slow dehydration that looks like tiredness, confusion or a fall.
Early signs
- Dry mouth, lips or tongue.
- Dark or strong-smelling urine, or passing less urine.
- Tiredness, dizziness or a headache.
- New confusion or irritability.
- Skin that stays tented when pinched gently.
- Constipation.
How much fluid
There is no single number that suits everyone. Kidney disease, heart failure and some medicines require a fluid restriction, so ask the GP for a target if you are unsure.
As a general guide, aim for regular drinks through the day rather than a large amount at once. Tea, coffee, milk, soup and jelly all count.
Practical ways to keep it up
- Put a drink where the person sits, within reach.
- Offer a drink with every medication, meal and visit.
- Use a smaller cup, filled more often.
- Try warm drinks in winter, and ice blocks or fruit in summer.
- Make the toilet trip easier so drinking is not avoided.
- Set a reminder or a routine: a drink at 10am, 2pm and 4pm.
What not to do
Do not force fluids. Do not give large volumes quickly, especially where there is heart or kidney disease. Do not assume that because the person is not complaining of thirst, they are hydrated.
Hot weather
Older people are more vulnerable to heat. Check on them during a heatwave, offer fluids, close the curtains and use a fan or air conditioning. See the heatwave guide for a fuller plan.
When to call the GP
If the person is drowsy, confused, has not passed urine for a day, is vomiting, or cannot keep fluids down. If they collapse or are difficult to rouse, call 000.
Common questions
How much water should an older person drink?
It depends on health and medication. Ask the GP for a target, especially with heart or kidney disease.
Does tea count?
Yes. Tea, coffee, milk, soup and jelly all contribute to fluid intake.
What if they refuse to drink?
Offer small amounts often, try different temperatures and flavours, and check for pain or depression. Ask the GP if it continues.
Is dehydration a sign of something else?
It can be caused by infection, medication, diabetes or reduced mobility. Ask the GP.
When is it an emergency?
Drowsiness, confusion, no urine for a day, or inability to keep fluids down. Call the GP or 000.
Sources and further reading
This guide is general information, not medical, legal or financial advice. If you are worried about your health, call your GP. In an emergency, call 000.